Background of hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Type	Clinical features
Definitions	*Acute hepatitis B* Acute hepatitis that can be icteric or anicteric *Chronic hepatitis B* Chronic viral hepatic inflammation that can be divided into HBeAg positive or HBeAg negative *Inactive HBsAg carrier* Chronic HBV infection without hepatic inflammation *Resolved hepatitis B* Previous HBV infection with no current serological or histological disease *Acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B* Periodically elevated AST/ALT to 10x normal or 2x baseline *Reactivation of hepatitis B* Reactivation of hepatic inflammation in previous inactive HBsAg carrier *HBeAg clearance* Change from HbeAg positive to HBeAg negative *HBeAg seroconversion* HBeAG negative with positive anti-HBeAG
Virology	Double stranded DNA virus from family of hepadnaviruses
*Possible modes of viral transmission*	Blood transfusion Mother to child in utero, during chilbirth, or after childbirth Organ transplant from infected donors Sexual transmission *Percutaneous innoculation by contaminated equipment* Accidental needle stick Acupuncture Body piercing Syringes and needles by IV drug use Tattooing

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Hepatitis B