Hypertension

Proper technique for blood pressure measurement

Type  Recommendations 
Patient positioning 
  • Patient should relax and sit in chair 
  • Feet on floor with back supported 
  • Avoid caffeine, exercise, or smoking 30 minutes before measurement 
  • Ideally empty bladder before measurement 
Blood pressure cuff 
  • Cuff should be placed on skin under clothing and not on clothing 
  • Cuff should be appropriate size to patient’s arm 
  • Place cuff and support arm to level of heart 
  • Place stethoscope (bell or diaphragm) slightly under cuff at brachial artery 
  • Inflate cuff 20-30 mm Hg above usual BP reading  
  • Slowly deflate 2-4 mm Hg/second and listen for Korotkoff sounds 
  • First Korotkoff sound is SBP and disappearance of sounds is DBP 
Cuff sizes 
  • Small adult 
    • 22-26 cm 
  • Adult 
    • 27-34 cm 
  • Large adult 
    • 35-44 cm 
  • Adult high 
    • 45-52 cm 
Special measurements 
  • Suspected orthostatic (postural) hypotension 
    • Measure BP in supine, sitting, and/or upright positions 
    • SBP decrease > 20 mm Hg confirms diagnosis 
  • Suspected peripheral arterial disease 
    • Measure readings in left and right arms 
    • SBP difference > 15 mm Hg suggests subclavian stenosis 
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) 
  • Record BP at preset intervals (eg, every 15-20 minutes during daytime and/or 30 minutes during sleep) 
  • Indications for ABPM 
    • Suspected white coat hypertension 
    • Suspected episodic hypertension 
    • Resistant hypertension 
    • Autonomic dysfunction 
    • Hypotension while taking antihypertensives 
Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) 
  • Use validated blood pressure cuff and measure over brachial artery 
  • Measure both morning and evening readings (12-14 preferred) over a week 
Definitions of hypertension (Prev Lesson)
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